Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Change Password
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Other Publications
    • UW Press Journals

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Scandinavian Studies
  • Other Publications
    • UW Press Journals
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Scandinavian Studies

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Change Password
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Follow scandstudy on Twitter
  • Visit scandstudy on Facebook
  • Visit scandstudy on Instagram
  • Visit scandstudy on LinkedIn
Research ArticleArticles

Dualistic Colonial Experiences and the Ruins of Coloniality

Kristín Loftsdóttir
Scandinavian Studies, March 2019, 91 (1-2) 31-52; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/sca.91.1-2.0031
Kristín Loftsdóttir
University of Iceland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

Works Cited

  1. ↵
    “Alþingishátíðin 930–1930.” 1929–1930. Norðlingur 111 (July 26, 1930): 2–3.
    OpenUrl
  2. ↵
    1. Bertram, Laurie K.
    2018. “‘Eskimo’ Immigrants and Colonial Soldiers: Icelandic Immigrants and the North-West Resistance, 1885.” Canadian Historical Review 99 (1): 63–97.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Bhambra, Gurminder
    . 2011. Rethinking Modernity: Postcolonialism and the Sociological Imagination. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  4. ↵
    1. Bickes, Hans,
    2. Tina Otten, and
    3. Laura Chelsea Weymann
    . 2014. “The Greek Financial Crisis: Discourses of Difference or Solidarity?” Journal of Social Science Education 13 (3): 113–22. doi:10.2390/jsse-v13-i3-1360.
    OpenUrl
  5. ↵
    1. Bilaniuk, Laada
    . 2016. “Race, Media, and Postcoloniality: Ukraine between Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism.” City & Society 28 (3): 341–64. doi:10.1111/ciso.12096.
    OpenUrl
  6. ↵
    1. Bourdieu, Pierre, and
    2. Loïc Wacquant
    . 1999. “On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason.” Theory, Culture & Society 16 (1): 41–58. doi:abs/10.1177/026327699016001003.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    1. Bravo, Michael, and
    2. Sverker Sörlin
    . 2002. Narrating the Arctic: A Cultural History of Nordic Scientific Practices. Canton, MA: Science History Publications.
  8. ↵
    1. Brydon, Anne
    . 2001. “Dreams and Claims: Icelandic-Aboriginal Interactions in the Manitoba Interlake.” Journal of Canadian Studies 36 (2): 164–90.
    OpenUrl
  9. ↵
    1. Buchowski, Michal
    . 2006. “The Specter of Orientalism in Europe: From Exotic Other to Stigmatized Brother.” Anthropological Quarterly 79 (3): 463–82. doi:10.1353/anq.2006.0032.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Chalániová, Daniela
    . 2014. “Turn the Other Greek: How the Eurozone Crisis Changes the Image of Greeks and What Visual Representations of Greeks Tell Us about European Identity?” In Constructing and Communicating Europe: Cultural Patterns of Politics. Vol. 2, edited by Olga Gyarfasova and Karin Liebhar, 19–51. Berlin: Lit Verlag.
    OpenUrl
  10. ↵
    1. De Cesari, Chiara
    . 2017. “Museums of Europe: Tangles of Memory, Borders, and Race.” Museum Anthropology 40 (1): 18–35. doi:10.1111/muan.12128.
    OpenUrl
  11. ↵
    1. Dirks, Nicholas. B.
    1992. “Introduction: Colonialism and Culture.” In Colonialism and Culture, edited by Nicholas B. Dirks, 1–25. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  12. ↵
    1. Driver, Felix
    . 2001. Geography Militant: Cultures of Exploration and Empire. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  13. ↵
    1. Edvik, Erlend
    . 2014. “Colonial Discourse and Ambivalence: Norwegian Participants on the Colonial Arena of South Africa.” In Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrant Others, and National Identities, edited by Kristín Loftsdóttir and Lars Jensen, 13–28. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  14. ↵
    1. Eyford, Ryan
    . 2006. “Quarantined within a New Colonial Order: The 1876–1877 Lake Winnipeg Smallpox Epidemic.” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association/ Revue de la Société historique du Canada 17 (1): 55–78.
    OpenUrl
  15. ↵
    1. Eyrún Eyþórsdóttir and
    2. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2016. “Vikings in Brazil: The Iceland Brazil Association Shaping Icelandic Heritage.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 22 (7): 543–53.
    OpenUrl
  16. ↵
    Ferðamálastofa. 2016. “Um 242 þúsund erlendir ferðamenn í ágúst.” http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/is/um-ferdamalastofu/frettir/um-242-thusund-erlendir-ferdamenn-i-agust (accessed September 13, 2016).
  17. ↵
    Ferðamálastofa. 2017. “Heildarfjöldi erlendra ferðamanna.” https://www.ferdamalastofa.is/is/tolur-og-utgafur/fjoldi-ferdamanna/heildarfjoldi-erlendra-ferdamanna (accessed September 20, 2016).
  18. ↵
    1. Fox, Jon E.,
    2. Laura Moraşanu, and
    3. Eszter Szilassy
    . 2012. “The Racialization of the New European Migration to the UK.” Sociology 46 (4): 680–95. doi:abs/10.1177/0038038511425558.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  19. ↵
    1. Frois, Catarina
    . 2012. “The Fate of Backwardness: Portuguese Expectations over Modernization.” Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 21 (2): 89–113. doi: 10.3167/ajec.2012.210209.
    OpenUrl
  20. ↵
    1. Fur, Gunlög
    . 2013. “Colonialism and Swedish History: Unthinkable Connections?” In Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena, edited by Magdalena Naum and Jonas Nordin, 17–36. New York: Springer.
  21. ↵
    1. Garner, Steve
    . 2007. “The European Union and the Racialization of Immigration, 1985–2006.” Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts 1 (1): 61–87.
    OpenUrl
  22. ↵
    1. Garner, Steve
    . 2010. Racism: An Introduction. London: Sage.
    1. Gilroy, Paul
    . 1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  23. ↵
    1. Grosfoguel, Ramón
    . 2011. “Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality.” Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World 1 (1): 1–37. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21k6t3fq.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. Gunnar Þ. Jóhannesson and
    2. Edward H. Huijbens
    . 2010. “Tourism in Times of Crisis: Exploring the Discourse of Tourism Development in Iceland.” Current Issues in Tourism 13 (5): 419–34. doi:abs/10.1080/13683500.2010.491897.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    1. Hartigan, John, Jr.
    1997. “Establishing the Fact of Whiteness.” American Anthropologist 99 (3): 495–505.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  26. ↵
    1. Helga Björnsdóttir
    . 2011 “Give Me Some Men Who Are Stout-Hearted Men, Who Will Fight, for the Right They Adore: Negotiating Gender and Identity in Icelandic Peacekeeping.” PhD diss., University of Iceland.
  27. ↵
    1. Horning, Audrey
    . 2013. “Insinuations: Framing a New Understanding of Colonialism.” In Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena, edited by Magdalena Naum and Jona M. Nordin, 297–305. New York: Springer.
  28. ↵
    “Íslenzkt æskufólk leggi eitthvað af mörkum.” 1964. Morgunblaðið, July 31. http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1360005.
  29. ↵
    1. Jafet S. Ólafsson
    . 2006. Bankarnir skila góðu milliuppgjöri. Markaðurinn, August, 9: 10.
  30. ↵
    1. Jakobsen, Peter Viggo
    . 2006. “The Nordic Peacekeeping Model: Rise, Fall, Resurgence?” International Peacekeeping 13 (3): 381–95. doi:org/10.1080/13533310600824082.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  31. ↵
    1. Jensen, Lars
    . 2012. Danmark: Rigsfællesskab, trobekolonier og den postkoloniale arv. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzels Forlag.
  32. ↵
    1. Kalnačs, Benedikts
    . 2016. “Comparing Colonial Differences: Baltic Literary Cultures as Agencies of Europe’s Internal Other.” Journal of Baltic Studies 47 (1): 15–30. doi: 10.1080/01629778.2015.1103514.
    OpenUrl
  33. ↵
    1. Kapoor, Ilan
    . 2005. “Participatory Development, Complicity, and Desire.” Third World Quarterly 26 (8): 1203–20.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  34. ↵
    1. Karlsson, Gunnar
    . 1995. “The Emergence of Nationalism in Iceland.” In Ethnicity and Nation Building in the Nordic World, edited by Sven Tägil, 33–62. London: Hurst.
  35. ↵
    1. Keskinen, Suvi,
    2. Salla Tuori,
    3. Sari Irni, and
    4. Diana Mulinari
    , eds. 2009. Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  36. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2010. “Encountering Others in the Icelandic Schoolbooks: Images of Imperialism and Racial Diversity in the 19th Century.” In Opening the Mind or Drawing Boundaries? History Texts in Nordic Schools, edited by Þorsteinn Helgason and Simone Lässig, 81–105. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht UniPress.
  37. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2011. “Stórhuga Íslendingar: Forsaga og upphaf íslenskrar þróunarsamvinnu.” Stjórnmál og Stjórnsýsla 7 (2): 307–25. http://hdl.handle.net/1946/10397.
    OpenUrl
  38. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2012. “Colonialism at the Margins: Politics of Difference in Europe As Seen through Two Icelandic Crises.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 19 (5): 597–615. org/10.1080/1070289X.2012.732543.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  39. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2013. “Republishing ‘Ten Little Negros’: Exploring Nationalism and Whiteness in Iceland.” Ethnicities 13 (3): 295–315. doi:10.1177/1468796812472854.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  40. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2014. “Within a White Affective Space: Racialization in Iceland and Development Discourses.” Social Identities 20 (6): 452–70. doi:org/10.1080/13504630.2015.1004996.
    OpenUrl
  41. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2015. “‘The Danes don’t get this’: The Economic Crash and Icelandic Post-colonial Engagements.” National Identities 18 (1): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1095491.
    OpenUrl
  42. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2016. “The Exotic North: Gender, Nation Branding, and Post-colonialism in Iceland.” NORA-Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 23 (4): 246–60. doi:org/10.1080/08038740.2015.1086814.
    OpenUrl
  43. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2017. “Being ‘The Damned Foreigner’: Affective National Sentiments and Racialization of Lithuanians in Iceland.” Nordic Journal of International Migration 7 (2): 70–8. doi:org/10.1515/njmr-2017-0012.
    OpenUrl
  44. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2018. “Finding a Place in the World: Political Subjectivities and the Imagination of Iceland after the Economic Crash.” Focaal 80: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2018.800105.
    OpenUrl
  45. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2019. Crisis and Coloniality at Europe’s Margins: Creating Exotic Iceland. London: Routledge.
  46. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir,
    2. Katla Kjartansdóttir, and
    3. Katrín Anna Lund
    . 2017. “Trapped in Clicheś: Masculinity, Films, and Tourism in Iceland.” Gender, Place & Culture 24 (9): 1225–42. doi:org/10.1080/0966369X.2017.1372383.
    OpenUrl
  47. ↵
    1. Kristín Loftsdóttir and
    2. Lars Jensen
    . 2012. “Introduction: Nordic Exceptionalism and the Nordic ‘Others.’” In Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrant Others, and National Identities, edited by Kristín Loftsdóttir and Lars Jensen, 1–13. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  48. ↵
    1. Kristján Jóhann Jónsson
    . 2014. Grímur Thomsen: Þjóðerni, skáldskapur, þversagnir og vald. Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan.
  49. ↵
    1. Lindmark, Daniel
    . 2013. “Colonial Encounter in Early Modern Sápmi.” In Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena, edited by Magdalena Naum and Jonas Nordin, 131–46. New York: Springer.
  50. ↵
    1. Lundström, Catrin
    . White Migrations: Gender, Whiteness, and Privilege in Transnational Migration. London: Springer, 2014.
  51. ↵
    1. McClintock, Anne
    . 1995. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York: Routledge.
  52. ↵
    1. Mignolo, Walter D.
    2011. The Darker Side of Western Modernity: Global Futures, Decolonial Options. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  53. ↵
    Ministry for Foreign Affairs. 2005. “Iceland’s Policy on Development Co-operation 2005–2009.” http://www.mfa.is/media/Utgafa/Stefnumid_ENSKA.pdf (accessed August 27, 2014).
  54. ↵
    1. Naum, Magdalena, and
    2. Jonas Nordin
    . 2013. “Situating Scandinavian Colonialism.” In Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena, edited by Magdalena Naum and Jonas M. Nordin, 3–16. New York: Springer.
  55. ↵
    1. Nowicka, Magdalena
    . 2017. “‘I don’t mean to sound racist but …’: Transforming Racism in Transnational Europe.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 41 (5): 824–41. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2017.1302093.
    OpenUrl
  56. ↵
    1. Oddný Þóra Óladóttir
    . 2015. “Tourism in Iceland in Figures, April 2015.” Ferðamálastofa. http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/static/files/ferdamalastofa/Frettamy-ndir/2015/mai/tourism-in-iceland-in-figures_15.pdf (accessed January 24, 2018).
  57. ↵
    1. Oslund, Karen
    . 2011. Iceland Imagined: Nature, Culture, and Storytelling in the North Atlantic. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  58. ↵
    1. Oxfeldt, Elisabeth
    . 2005. Nordic Orientalism: Paris and the Cosmopolitian Imagination 1800–1900. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
  59. ↵
    1. Palmberg, Mai
    . 2009. “The Nordic Colonial Mind.” In Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region, edited by Suvi Keskinen, Salla Tuori, Sari Irni, and Diana Mulinari, 35–50. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  60. ↵
    1. Parvulescu, Anca
    . 2016. “European Racial Triangulation.” In Postcolonial Transitions in Europe: Contexts, Practices, and Politics, edited by Sandra Ponzanesi and Gianmaria Colpani, 25–46. London: Rowman & Littlefield International.
  61. ↵
    1. Ponzanesi, Sandra, and
    2. Bolette B. Blaagaard
    . 2011. “In the Name of Europe.” Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation, and Culture 17 (1): 1–10. doi:/10.1080/13504630.2011.531901.
    OpenUrl
  62. ↵
    1. Rastas, Anna
    . 2012. “Reading History through Finnish Exceptionalism.” Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrant Others, and National Identities, edited by Kristín Loftsdóttir and Lars Jensen, 89–104. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  63. ↵
    1. Rastas, Anna
    . 2014. “Talking Back: Voices from the African Diaspora in Finland.” In Afro-Nordic Landscapes: Equality and Race in Northern Europé, edited by Michael McEachrane, 187–207. New York: Routledge.
  64. ↵
    1. Rastrick, Ólafur
    . 2013. Háborgin: Menning, fagurfræði, og pólitík í upphafi tuttugustu aldar. Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan.
  65. ↵
    1. Restrepo, Eduardo, and
    2. Arturo Escobar
    . 2005. “‘Other Anthropologies and Anthropology Otherwise’: Steps to a World Anthropologies Framework.” Critique of Anthropology 25 (2): 99–129. doi:10.1177/0308275X05053009.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  66. ↵
    1. Schaller, Harald J.
    2016. “Tour Guides in Nature-Based Tourism: Perceptions of Nature and Governance of Protected Areas, the Case of Skaftafell at the Vatnajökull National Park.” In Mobility to the Edges of Europe: The Case of Iceland and Poland, edited by Dorota Rancew-Sikora and Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir, 187–214. Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House.
  67. ↵
    1. Sigurjón Baldur Hafsteinsson
    . 2014. Phallological Museum. Berlin: LIT Verlag.
  68. ↵
    1. Stamnes, Eli
    . 2007. “Introduction.” International Peacekeeping 14 (4): 449–57. doi: org/10.1080/13533310701427736.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  69. ↵
    1. Stoler, Ann Laura
    . 2008. “Imperial Debris: Reflections on Ruins and Ruination.” Cultural Anthropology 23 (2): 191–219. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1360.2008.00007.x.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  70. ↵
    1. Tsoukala, Philomila
    . 2013. “Narratives of the European Crisis and the Future of (Social) Europe.” Texas International Law Journal 48 (2): 241–66. http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2189&context=facpu.
    OpenUrl
  71. ↵
    1. Tuori, Salla
    . 2009. “The Politics of Multicultural Encounters: Feminist Postcolonial Perspectives.” PhD diss., Åbo Akademi University.
  72. ↵
    1. Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir and
    2. Kristín Loftsdóttir
    . 2016. “The Tourist and the Migrant Worker: Different Perceptions of Mobility in Iceland.” In Mobility to the Edges of Europe: The Case of Iceland and Poland, edited by Dorota Rancew-Sikora and Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir, 17–37. Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House.
  73. ↵
    1. Vuorela, Ulla
    . 2009. “Colonial Complicity: The ‘Postcolonial’ in a Nordic Context.” In Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region, edited by Suvi Keskinen, Salla Tuori, Sari Irni, and Diana Mulinari, 19–34. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  74. ↵
    1. Wade, Peter
    . 2012. “Brazil and Colombia: Comparative Race Relations in South America.” Proceedings of the British Academy 179: 35–48. https://www.academia.edu/4308478/Brazil_and_Colombia_Comparative_Race_Relations_in_South_America.
    OpenUrl
  75. ↵
    1. Wojtyńska, Anna,
    2. Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir, and
    3. Helga Ólafs
    . 2011. “Report from the Research Project: The Participation of Immigrants in Civil Society and Labour Market in the Economic Recession.” Reykjavík: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Iceland.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Scandinavian Studies: 91 (1-2)
Scandinavian Studies
Vol. 91, Issue 1-2
20 Mar 2019
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Scandinavian Studies.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Dualistic Colonial Experiences and the Ruins of Coloniality
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Scandinavian Studies
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Scandinavian Studies web site.
Citation Tools
Dualistic Colonial Experiences and the Ruins of Coloniality
Kristín Loftsdóttir
Scandinavian Studies Mar 2019, 91 (1-2) 31-52; DOI: 10.3368/sca.91.1-2.0031

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Dualistic Colonial Experiences and the Ruins of Coloniality
Kristín Loftsdóttir
Scandinavian Studies Mar 2019, 91 (1-2) 31-52; DOI: 10.3368/sca.91.1-2.0031
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Introduction
    • Colonialism at the Margins
    • Other Positionalities
    • Mobility and Iceland’s Dual Positioning
    • Concluding Observations
    • Footnotes
    • Works Cited
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Translating Swedish Colonialism: Johannes Schefferuss Lapponia in Britain c. 1674-1800
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Embedded or Embattled?
  • The Evolution of Abortion Legislation in Denmark
  • Religion as a Social Problem in the Swedish Parliament
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

UW Press logo

© 2026 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System